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1.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 18(supl.2): 3-16, Out.-Dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-776698

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever as principais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no país segundo as informações coletadas em indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais de idade. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013, estudo transversal de base populacional. As proporções de cada DCNT foram calculadas e apresentadas segundo sexo, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), com os valores absolutos. Resultados: Do total de entrevistados, 45,1% referiram ter pelo menos uma DCNT. A Região com maior prevalência de DCNT foi a Sul (52,1%). A hipertensão arterial apresentou a maior prevalência dentre as DCNT, com 21,4%, seguida por problema crônico de coluna (18,5%), depressão (7,6%), artrite (6,4%) e diabetes (6,2%). O grau de limitação intenso/muito intenso apresentou maiores prevalências para outra doença mental (37,6%) e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) (25,5%). Conclusão: A melhoria dos serviços de saúde é indispensável para uma resposta efetiva à dupla carga de adoecimento de países de média e baixa renda.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, according to the information collected from individuals aged 18 years or older. Methods: Data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013, a transversal population-based study, were used. The proportions of each NCD were calculated and presented according to sex, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), with the absolute values. Results: Of the total respondents, 45.1% reported presenting at least one NCD. The region with the highest prevalence of NCDs was the South (52.1%). Hypertension showed the highest prevalence among NCDs, with 21.4%, followed by chronic back problem (18.5%), depression (7.6%), arthritis (6.4%), and diabetes (6.2%). The intense/very intense degree of limitation showed a higher prevalence of other mental illnesses (37.6%) and cerebrovascular accident (25.5%). Conclusion: The improvement of health services is essential for an effective response to the double burden of illness in the middle- and low-income countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , /metabolism , Enterovirus A, Human/drug effects , Enterovirus Infections/genetics , Isoflavones/pharmacology , Prostaglandins E/metabolism , Virus Replication/drug effects , /genetics , Enterovirus A, Human/physiology , Enterovirus Infections/enzymology , Enterovirus Infections/metabolism , Enterovirus Infections/virology
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(5): 510-516, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764501

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTThe genus Enterovirus, a member of thePicornavirus family, are RNA viruses that can cause poliomyelitis, hand-food-mouth disease, viral meningitis or meningoencephalitis, viral myocarditis and so on. MicroRNAs are a class of highly conserved, small noncoding RNAs recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Recent studies found that MicroRNAs play a significant role in the infection ofEnterovirus, such as enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus B3 and other Enterovirus. Enteroviral infection can alter the expression of cellular MicroRNAs, and cellular MicroRNAs can modulate viral pathogenesis and replication by regulating the expression level of viral or host's genes. Herein, this review summarizes the role of MicroRNAs in enteroviral infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Enterovirus Infections/genetics , MicroRNAs/physiology , Enterovirus Infections/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Picornaviridae/genetics , Picornaviridae/pathogenicity , Virus Replication/genetics
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2,supl): 11-16, May 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755027

ABSTRACT

The spread of enteric viruses of domestic animals and human beings to wild species can be facilitated by the resistance of these viruses on the environment and their ability to be transmitted by water and contaminated food. The health status of the populations of pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) is largely unknown and the landscapes occupied by these animals in southern Brazil have been threatened by human occupation and expansion of agriculture. In this work, the search of genomes of human and canine adenoviruses in feces from these wild carnivores was used to track the dissemination of domestic animals and human pathogens to the free-living populations in a wildlife reserve located in southern Brazil. This was performed by virus-specific differential real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) on stool specimens, avoiding capture and additional stress to the animals. Genus-specific conventional reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was complementarily performed aiming the detection of enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV) on these same samples. HAdV genomes were found on 14 out of the 17 (82.35%) stool samples analysed, whereas CAV was found co-infecting 5 of these samples. RV genomes were detected on 7 of the 17 samples (41.18%) and all samples were negative for EV. The results point to the dispersion of HAdV and RV at a high rate to these species of South American wild carnivores, which can be an effect of growing anthropisation of the habitat of these animals.

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A disseminação de vírus entéricos de animais domésticos e seres humanos para espécies selvagens pode ser facilitada pela resistência desses vírus no ambiente e sua capacidade de ser transmitida por água e alimentos contaminados. O estado de saúde das populações de Graxains-do-campo (Lycalopex gymnocercus) e Cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) é em grande parte desconhecida e as paisagens ocupadas por estes animais no sul do Brasil têm sido ameaçadas pela ocupação humana e a expansão da agricultura. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a pesquisa de genomas de adenovírus humanos (HAdV ) e caninos (CAV-1 e -2) em amostras fezes desses carnívoros selvagens com vistas a diagnosticar a disseminação de patógenos de animais domésticos e seres humanos às populações de vida livre em uma reserva de vida selvagem, localizado no sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas reações em cadeia da polimerase diferenciais e em tempo real (qPCR) de adenovírus específicos em amostras de fezes, evitando a captura e estresse adicional para os animais. PCRs gênero-específicas convencionais com transcrição reversa prévia (RT-PCR) foram ainda realizadas visando a detecção de enterovírus (EV) e rotavírus (RV) nestas mesmas amostras. Genomas de HAdV foram encontrados em 14 a 17 amostras de fezes (82.35%) analisados, Considerando que o CAV foi encontrado coinfectando 5 destas amostras. Genomas de RV foram detectados em 7 das 17 amostras (41.18%) e todas as amostras foram negativas para EV. Os resultados apontam para a dispersão de HAdV e RV em uma taxa elevada para estas espécies de carnívoros selvagens sul-americanas, que podem ser um efeito da crescente antropização do habitat desses animais.

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Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Adenoviridae/isolation & purification , Foxes , Adenoviridae Infections/virology , Adenoviridae/genetics , Brazil , Enterovirus Infections/genetics , Enterovirus Infections/veterinary , Enterovirus Infections/virology , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Feces/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Rotavirus Infections/genetics , Rotavirus Infections/veterinary , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Species Specificity
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